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Rumors
were that Barny Stone was feverishly working on his own version
of a word processor but was writing it in basic. Then, one day,
Barny came over and played with EasyWriter for the first time. Because
I wrote EasyWriter in FORTH, I didn't need or use DOS, so I developed
my OWN file format for EasyWriter. So, when I booted up EasyWriter,
it booted up very fast, and loaded in less than 3 seconds.
With
Andy Hertzfield's help, I changed the disk interleaving so that
disk reads and writes were twice as fast. When Barny played with
it, he was floored by the awesome speed it scrolled, and how fast
the disk accesses were. Then, he told me that I was much further
than he was, and he gave up on his development effort after he saw
EasyWriter.
At
that time, in the CPM world, the Electric Pencil was the word processor
of the day. I took the care to contact Dave Schrayer, author of
Electric Pencil and asked if I could use the same "dot"
commands for printer formatting. This way, electric Pencil users
would already know the commands if they decided to go to EasyWriter.
Or go with Electric Pencil if they had to work in CPM.
By
this time, I had worked on EasyWriter for only two months, and had
enough of it working to show it off at the 4th West Coast Computer
faire. I had just met Matthew McIntosh at the Apple PI meeting where
he bought a copy of Forth Ver 1.6 from me. I had just completed
Forth Ver 1.6 and was ready to sell them at the computer stores.
But I lacked a word processor to write the documentation, thus was
the real reason I wrote "TexWriter" which eventually became
EasyWriter.
During
the development phases of EasyWriter, I used it to write the documentation
for Forth Ver 1.6, thus giving me a really good test bed for EasyWriter.
Matthew was organizer of the Apple PI's booth at the 4th Computer
faire, and arranged a machine to demo EasyWriter. It also turned
out that the Apple PI booth was right next door to the Forth Interest
Group. So it was a match made in heaven. People would ask the Forth
people about what applications are written in FORTH, and would point
to EasyWriter next door.
While
people were viewing EasyWriter's blazingly fast performance, they
would ask "What language is it written in?" I would point
next door and say FORTH and Assembly language. Huge crowds gathered
at the Apple PI booth as word spread about the first word processor
for the Apple II. During one of the demo's Woz came bopping by and
said "Get over to the Apple booth right away, something's going
to happen".
Just as I arrived, Chris Espanosa (one of Apple's Star programmers),
was holding a pie behind his back, and was walking up to Dave Gordon.
And with a quick flip of the wrist, and with great finesse, SPLAT!!
and Dave's face was wearing an Apple (of course) pie. Dave was working
for Programma International at that time and was very active in
the L. A. user group scene.
Rumors
had it that Dave had copied the new Apple II monitor ROM onto a
floppy and was showing it off. How he managed to get it was sheer
speculation, but Chris Espanosa was rather pissed.
Meanwhile, at the Apple PI booth, it was a frenzy, as publishers,
press people, and software gurus were scrutinizing EasyWriter, swamping
me and Matthew with hundreds of questions. People were begging for
copies, so while I was answering both technical and operational
questions, Matt was feverishly making copies. We decided to sell
copies for $69.69 and couldn't copy the disks fast enough to meet
the demand.
Also,
there were some flyers floating around the Faire about this new
system called the Zaltair and it's amazing programming language
called BAZIK. It was hyped to be a new revolutionary language, '
but later rumors confirmed that Woz had pulled a super prank on
the industry by distributing high quality flyers on some fictitious
operating system and language.
Anyway,
after the Fair was over, the very next day, I was getting calls
from just about every software publisher in the business. Me and
Matt were really getting to be good friends and I offered him a
vice president position in Cap'n Software (My new company). Matt
immediately went to work, advising me on how to deal with the publishers
beating down our doors.
We
had about 6 publishers who would have immediately signed a contract
with us, but some of these were book publishers (Hayden), and offered
us ridiculously low royalty percentages, but after heated arguments
with Matt, we collectively agreed to go with Information Unlimited
Software, a company in Indiana. They had this program called WHATSIT(Wow,
How'ed all that stuff get in there), a cutsey little database program
for home use.
All
this time, I was in jail, but allowed to attend the West Coast Computer
Faire, but wasn't allowed to engage in any contractual obligations,
but when the Faire was on, I had only 1 month to go, then I would
be free as a bird and have NO MORE PROBATION!! Yay!! In the meantime,
Matthew was in constant contract negotiations with IUS, trying to
make sure we get the best possible deal. I also planned to incorperate
"Cap'n Software" as soon as I got out of the pokey.
This
last month in jail, I stepped up my work energy by about 25 percent.
Now working until 4 am, only to get up again at 7 am to be "kicked
out of jail" and head over to Receiving studios for another
coding and debugging session. Those long nights without the computer
really got my smarts in top gear, as I really focused in getting
the code perfect and bug free. Not having a computer some of the
time, got me to thinking more about writing good code, and less
time debugging. During this time, I wrote a really cool FORTH debugger
that allowed single stepping through FORTH code (Totally unheard
of in those days).
I
also write a De-compiler that would take the compiled FORTH code
and re-generate source code. This was invaluable in tracing down
some gnarly compiler problems in FORTH. You see, I was not only
writing a word processor, but I was also developing the language
on the fly as well. Modifying the compiler, interpreter, and I even
write a DOS (In forth) to manage the easyWriter text files, because
EasyWriter didn't need DOS. So I implemented one, using a FAT (File
allocation table) and all that other Gnarly Disk Operating system
low level code. I found out that FORTH allowed me total flexibility.
If the language didn't have a feature, I implemented it. Simple
as that.
The
day finally came when I was to be released from jail, and Matt had
already rented a fully furnished apartment in West Berkeley for
me, and met me at the jail when I was released. That evening, we
met at the IHOP on University Ave to sign the contract YAY!! and
the incorporation papers YAY! Now we can call ourselves Cap'n Software
Inc. We rented office space on Telegraph avenue a block from the
UC Berkeley campus and called it our "Corporate Headquarters".
Soon
we got our first royalty check of $3500, and I gave Matt $1000 of
it and put him on a salary. Michelle, Matt's roommate and holistic
friend was hired on as our Secretary, and handled all of our bookkeeping.
WOW!! I get out of jail and in 24 hours, am president of my very
own software company. SUPER COOL!!
Matt's
contribution to Cap'n Software was invaluable. Always a keen eye
for the smallest details and constantly watching Bill Maker (IUS
President) to make sure he keeps his end of the contract.
Bill Baker, IUS President, flies back to Indiana with contract in
hand, and makes preparation to move IUS to California.
IUS
Eventually moves into a house on Vincente Street in North Berkeley.
Bill then hires Larry Weiss or "EagleBeek". I had met
EagleBeek at receiving studios who was the one that convinced me
to sell EasyWriter, and worked closely with me in testing EasyWriter
and know it very well. EagleBeek was ruthless in hammering on EasyWriter.
He beat the heck out of it, trying to get it to crash and misbehave.
EagleBeek just loved to come up to me and say "Watch this"
and then cause EasyWriter to completly lose its mind.
Sales
of EasyWriter shot through the roof literally. IUS had a staff of
about 5 people copying diskettes as fast as they can. Distributors
were constantly trying to keep EasyWriter in stock. Immediately,
an effort was being undertaken to implement an 80 column version
of EasyWriter with a WYSIWYG display of the text, instead of that
old funky 40 column (upper case only) crap.
Us
old timers know that the early Apple II character set was UPPER
CASE only. So, how did I solve that problem? Easy! I converted all
characters from Upper case to Lower case in the text file. Ok, so
now, how did I do upper case? Simple. Whenever I wanted to capitalize
the first letter in a word, I hit the "Esc" key then type
in the word. Only the first character would be uppercase. "Esc"
twice switched to all upper case (Caps lock).
Upper
case characters would show up on the Apple 40 col screen in "inverse
video". When printed, would be lower case. VIDEX, M&R,
and one other 80 column manufacturer came out with cards that have
a video output where you connect to a video screen. The Apple II
could now handle upper and lower case characters and also 80 columns
of text.
The
80 column conversion of EasyWriter took a long time, because we
wanted to make it so EasyWriter would work with ANY card. Each card
handled the interface differently, so EasyWriter had to know all
three.
The new EasyWriter was called EasyWriter Professional, and we debut
at the Minneapolis Word Processor show, summer of 1980, where we
went up against WANG, DEC, and IBM Mainframes. By that time, we
had TRUE proportional spacing on the Diablo and Qume daisywheel
printers. People at the show practically laughed at our little dinky
Apple II word processing system until they saw the super high quality
prints it made.
Orders
were coming in so fast that IUS (Information Unlimited Software)
had to hire additional people to handle the copying and shipping.
Just after we released EasyWriter Professional for the Apple II
computer in 1980, sales literally took off, and at that time, SoftTalk
magazine had the TOP 20 Software products, and EasyWriter was #2,
just below VisiCalc. Just about that time, Electric Pencil was THE
word processor to use with CPM systems.
We
had just completed the drivers for the VIDEX card, so we now could
work with the Videx, and the M&R 80 Column card. At that time,
Apple computer didn't have an 80 column card available. I can remember
going to Minniapolis to a word processor show, where we were up
against Wang and the Big Boys.
At
around July in 1981, just after I get back from Hawaii, I get called
in for a meeting at IUS (Information Unlimited Software), the company
that was marketing EasyWriter. I can remember these dudes in pin
striped suits who handed me a non-disclosure agreement. At that
time, IBM was secretly looking for outside contracters. So we didn't
even know what company these dudes were from. IUS President Bill
then set up the deal to port EasyWriter to a new IBM "Personal"
computer. We DID know that it used an 8086 like processor, but none
of us ever worked on one before.
Once
I knew the CPU, I got a FORTH language up and running for this CPU,
thanx to the Forth Interest Group, who was publishing public domain
FORTH systems for all CPU's. We went out to purchase a TEI S-100
bus 8086 system, running on Seattle Computer Products DOS (Which
eventually became MS-DOS).
I went out and hired the best 8086 Assembly Language coder that
money could buy, and hired him to help me implement FORTH on this
TEI system, while waiting for the IBM computer to arrive.
It
took us 2 weeks, working together to Get the Forth Kernal working.
Eventually, the IBM computer arrived in our "Secret" lab.
Within 30 minutes, I had Forth up and running on the IBM-PC, partly
because we just ported the ".HEX" text file over (Just
for fun). But surprisingly, when we ran FORTH, it just came up and
ran, once we converted it to the .COM file. IBM'ers were totally
blown away that a language could be operational so quickly. The
next day, IBM's best software engineers were quizzing us on how
we did it so fast.
A
few days later, we got the EasyWriter editor up and running on the
PC, but did most of the source code editing on the Apple II, using
a Corvus Constillation (First Distributed Networking system). We
had 5 Apple II's and 3 IBM-PC's connected to this "Network".
Remember, this was 1980.
I actually had to "Butcher" one of their parallel COM
cards so that the bus was bi-directional so it would plug directly
into the Multiplex. Boy!! those boys in BIG BLUE weren't so happy
about THAT! :-)
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